Edgar Carnero Contentti 1, Jorge Correale 2 Affiliations expand PMID: 34530847 PMCID: PMC8444436 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02249-1 Abstract Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease…
Tradtrantip, L., Yao, X., Su, T. et al. Acta Neuropathol (2017). doi:10.1007/s00401-017-1734-6 Lukmanee Tradtrantip, Xiaoming Yao, Tao Su, Alex J. Smith, Alan S. Verkman Abstract…
Acta Neuropathol. 2017 Feb 9. doi: 10.1007/s00401-017-1682-1. [Epub ahead of print] Guo Y1, Weigand SD2, Popescu BF3, Lennon VA1,4,5,6, Parisi JE1,4, Pittock SJ1,6, Parks NE1,…
Julien Ratelade 1 , Jeffrey L. Bennett 2 , A
Hua Zhang PhD 1 , Jeffrey L. Bennett MD, PhD 2 , A. S
Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) deficiency in mice reduces neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) produced by active immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG).
OBJECTIVE:To describe the clinical, molecular, and neuropathological findings of a patient with aquaporin 4-positive relapsing myelitis who developed extensive brain involvement followed by death. DESIGN: Case report.
Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is a water-selective transporter expressed in astrocytes throughout the central nervous system, as well as in kidney, lung, stomach and skeletal muscle. The two AQP4 isoforms produced by alternative spicing, M1 and M23 AQP4, form heterotetramers that assemble in cell plasma membranes in supramolecular structures called orthogonal arrays of particles (OAPs). Phenotype analysis of AQP4-null mice indicates the involvement of AQP4 in brain and spinal cord water balance, astrocyte migration, neural signal transduction and neuroinflammation.
BACKGROUND: Anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody targets perivascular astrocyte foot processes, which contain abundant angiotensinogen, a precursor of angiotensin II, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2. OBJECTIVE: To disclose any abnormality in the intrathecal angiotensin II metabolic pathway in Japanese patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) or NMO spectrum disorders (NMOs) and positive for anti-AQP4 antibody.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) while neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory disease of the CNS that selectively affects the optic nerves and spinal cord. In Asians, MS is rare; however, when it appears, the selective and severe involvement of the optic nerves and spinal cord is characteristic. This form, termed opticospinal MS (OSMS), has similar features to the relapsing form of NMO in Western populations
Astrocytes are specialized glial cells that outnumber neurons by over fivefold. They contiguously tile the entire central nervous system (CNS) and exert many essential complex functions in the healthy CNS
OBJECTIVE: The serum of most neuromyelitis optica (NMO) patients contains autoantibodies (NMO-IgGs) directed against the aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel located on astrocyte foot processes in the perivessel and subpial areas of the brain. Our objectives were to determine the source of central nervous system (CNS) NMO-IgGs and their role in disease pathogenesis. METHODS: Fluorescence-activated cell sorting and single-cell reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction were used to identify overrepresented plasma cell immunoglobulin (Ig) sequences in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of an NMO patient after a first clinical attack