Abstract Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) is a rare neuroinflammatory disorder with limited epidemiological data. Antibodies against aquaporin-4 (Aq4ab) are reported to be highly specific for NMO and NMO spectrum disorders (NMO-SD).
In clinical studies for the lead indication of multiple sclerosis (MS), Revimmune improves function in most patients and stops progression in over 90% of cases refractory to standard therapies.
The astrocytic aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel is the target of pathogenic antibodies in a spectrum of relapsing autoimmune inflammatory central nervous system disorders of varying severity that is unified by detection of the serum biomarker neuromyelitis optica (NMO)-IgG. Neuromyelitis optica is the most severe of these disorders. The two major AQP4 isoforms, M1 and M23, have identical extracellular residues.
There is a long history of research into body fluid biomarkers in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. However, only a few biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are being used in clinical practice. Anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies in serum are currently useful for the diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica (NMO), but we could expect novel CSF biomarkers that help define prognosis and response to treatment for this disease.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are associated with anti-aquaporin-4 autoantibodies (AQP4-IgG). Limited data is available on longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AQP4-IgG and their relation to disease activity and inflammatory parameters. AQP4-IgG titers were measured in matched longitudinal serum and CSF samples of 12 patients with NMOSD by an immunofluorescence assay and correlated with clinical parameters
For patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), there are currently six approved medications that have been shown to alter the natural course of the disease. The approved medications include three beta interferon formulations, glatiramer acetate, natalizumab and mitoxantrone.
Objective: To compare spinal cord diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) between multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) subjects with a remote clinical episode of transverse myelitis (TM).
OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between serum lipoproteins and clinical presentations of NMO patients. To investigate the differences of serum lipoprotein levels between NMO and MS patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Serum lipoprotein levels were measured in 56 NMO patients, 53 MS patients and 54 health subjects.
Objective: Clinical studies indicate that anti-CD20 B-cell depletion may be an effective multiple sclerosis (MS) therapy. We investigated mechanisms of anti-CD20-mediated immune modulation using 2 paradigms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Methods: Murine EAE was induced by recombinant myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (rMOG), a model in which B cells are considered to contribute pathogenically, or MOG peptide (p)35-55, which does not require B cells.
Neuromyelitis optica has not been thoroughly studied in Brazilian patients following the discovery of NMOIgG and its specific antigen aquaporin-4.
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a relapsing inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system that closely resembles multiple sclerosis.
BACKGROUND: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a recurring inflammatory neurological disease characterized by severe optic neuritis and myelitis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) is correlated with the clinical presentations in patients with NMO and to determine the clinical factors that lead to poor visual outcomes. METHODS: Thirty-five eyes of 18 patients with the NMO spectrum and 28 eyes of 14 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were studied.