The central nervous system ( CNS ) represents the largest part of the nervous system , including the brain and the spinal cord . Together with the peripheral nervous system , it has a fundamental role in the control of behavior
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder characterized by optic neuritis and acute myelitis. A parainfectious pathogenesis may play a partial role in the development of this disorder.
Background: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a human inflammatory/demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by optic neuritis and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis.
We retrospectively analyzed and compared patterns of anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) immunoreactivity of autopsied brains of 2 patients with classical multiple sclerosis (MS) and 2 patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO). Serological examination for NMO-IgG was not performed in all the cases. We confirmed that the expression of AQP4 is strongly inhibited in demyelinating lesions of NMO, accompanied by the loss of grial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression
We report a case of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) with an unusual pattern of remyelination in the spinal cord. A Japanese woman complained of pain and numbness in the left thumb at the age of 36 years
We report a 25-year-old woman who developed optic neuritis and encephalomyelitis following primary Sjogren’s syndrome (SjS).
It is known that pregnancy influences the relapsing rate of multiple sclerosis (MS); however, interaction between pregnancy and relapse of neuromyelitis optica (NMO), a distinct disease from MS, remains unclear. A 34-year-old woman who 1 year previously had clinical history of Sj?gren syndrome complicated by myelitis with the presence of anti-AQP4 antibody in her serum, although there was no optic neuritis involvement, was neurologically normal at time of becoming pregnant.
We report the case of a 60-year-old woman with myasthenia gravis (MG) and Basedow’s disease who seven years after thymectomy developed subacute myelitis, a limited form of neuromyelitis optica (NMO). The patient presented with a centrally located long spinal cord lesion (LCL) on cervical cord MRI, anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibody in serum, and HLA DPB1*0501
This report describes the case of a 71-year-old woman with a limited form of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) who had a longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesion from the fourth to the tenth thoracic vertebrae.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the differential diagnostic value of NMO-IgG for neuromyelitis optica (NMO) versus multiple sclerosis (MS) and to analyze its possible clinical features related to NMO-IgG. METHODS: Forty-one NMO patients and 44 MS patients in acute phase and 40 healthy controls were investigated. Serum NMO-IgG was tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay.
Background: Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) and its spectrum disorders (NMOSD), which include recurrent transverse myelitis (rTM) and recurrent optic neuritis (rON) are demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS).
Introduction: idiopathic acute transverse myelitis (ATM) is clinically characterized by partial or complete spinal cord syndromes, variable remission rate and a monophasic or recurrent clinical course. Partial forms are traditionally associated with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) while complete myelitis to neuromyelitis optica (NMO). The discovery of an antibody called anti-AQP4 was an important tool to differentiate these two conditions.