Interferon (IFN)-β is the treatment most often prescribed for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). 30–50% of MS patients, however, do not respond to IFN-β
BACKGROUND: They are severe inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, often called idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disease (IIDD). These diseases are explosive or pseudotumoral multiple sclerosis (MS), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), transverse myelitis and neuromyelitis optica (NMO).
In the past 10 years, neuromyelitis optica (NMO) has evolved from Devic’s categorical clinical description into a broader disease spectrum. Serum IgG antibodies have been identified in NMO patients with the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) as their main target antigen.
Objective: Movement disorders (MD) have been described in demyelinating diseases, especially in multiple sclerosis (MS). Paroxysmal dystonia, also called tonic spasm (TS) is the most frequent MD in MS. Only few cases have been reported in Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) albeit it’s frequently referred by these patients
Background: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory disease associating optic neuritis and myelitis. Recently, several works showed that optical coherence tomography (OCT) should be an interesting method of disease severity.
Objetive: To demonstrate the occurrence of intractable hiccup and nausea (IHN) as first symptoms in Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) patients who developed cervical myelitis. Background: IHN are unique symptoms of NMO, which is a neurological disorder mainly characterized by optic neuritis and myelitis. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 25 cases of relapsing NMO seen at the Ramos Mejia Hospital in Argentina during the period from 2006 to 2010.
Introduction: Recurrent NMO is an idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS that preferentially affects the optical nerve and spinal cord. Only recently some studies reported RNMO in pediatric population. Objective: describe the clinical course of pediatric patients diagnosed with RNMO
Autoantibodies that target the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are IgG1, a T cell-dependent Ig subclass. However, a role for AQP4-specific T cells in this CNS inflammatory disease is not known
Since the discovery in 2004 of NMO-IgG, the autoantibody associated with neuromyelitis optica (NMO),1 neurologists are increasingly relying on the NMO-IgG test to rule in or rule out NMO. Related disorders like optic neuritis (ON), transverse myelitis (TM), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), and longitudinally extensive TM (LETM; 3 spinal cord vertebral segments) can all be monophasic or multiphasic, can occur together or individually, and can occur in adults or children. Similarly, multiple sclerosis (MS) is often confused with these disorders, especially early in the disease.
Brain oedema is a major clinical problem produced by CNS diseases (e.g.
Background: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is characterized by severe optic neuritis and longitudinally extended transverse myelitis. A serum autoantibody against aquaporin-4 (AQP4), a water channel densely expressed on astrocytes, has been detected exclusively in NMO and the high-risk syndrome. Pathologically, an extensive loss of AQP4 with perivascular depositions of activated complements (C9neo) as well as immunoglobulins is seen in NMO lesions, and infiltration of neutrophils is not uncommon in those lesions.
Background: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a neurological disease characterized by optic neuritis and transverse myelitis with long spinal cord lesion. Recently, NMO-IgG, which recognizes the aquaporin-4 (AQP-4), was identified in sera from patients with NMO. AQP-4 is a water channel expressed in astrocytes and ependymal cells throughout the brain and spinal cord