Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that causes severe optic neuritis and myelitis attacks. It tends to spare the brain early in the disease course. Characteristics of NMO that help to distinguish it from classical MS include:? (1)more severe optic neuritis and myelitis attacks; (2) prominent CSF pleocytosis (more than 50 WBC) that can be dominated by polymorphonuclear cells1-3;?(3)?lower frequency of CSF oligoclonal banding (15-30% compared with 85% in MS)1-3; and (4)?at disease onset, the brain MRI scan is normal or reveals nonspecific white matter lesions that do not meet MS MRI diagnostic criteria.
We report cases of Japanese sisters with neuromyelitis optica (NMO).
A 29-YEAR-OLD WOMAN of Afro-Caribbean descent with a history of thyrotoxicosis was evaluated for right leg weakness and diagnosed as having myelitis.
Background: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) frequently begins with a monofocal episode of optic neuritis or myelitis. A concept named high-risk syndrome (HRS) for NMO has been proposed for patients with monofocal episodes and NMO-IgG antibodies. Objective: To describe HRS patients and compare them with NMO patients
A 21-year-old right-handed woman suffered cervical myelitis in 1971, followed by two episodes of bilateral optic neuritis and four relapses of thoracic or lumbar myelitis through 1998. Her initial brain MRI in 1989 revealed no abnormality, which met the MRI criteria for multiple sclerosis. In 2009, her serum anti-aquaporin-4 antibody was found to be positive, and a diagnosis of relapsing neuromyelitis optica (NMO) was made on the basis of current diagnostic criteria
Introduction: idiopathic acute transverse myelitis (ATM) is clinically characterized by partial or complete spinal cord syndromes, variable remission rate and a monophasic or recurrent clinical course. Partial forms are traditionally associated with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) while complete myelitis to neuromyelitis optica (NMO). The discovery of an antibody called anti-AQP4 was an important tool to differentiate these two conditions.
Objetive: To demonstrate the occurrence of intractable hiccup and nausea (IHN) as first symptoms in Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) patients who developed cervical myelitis. Background: IHN are unique symptoms of NMO, which is a neurological disorder mainly characterized by optic neuritis and myelitis. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 25 cases of relapsing NMO seen at the Ramos Mejia Hospital in Argentina during the period from 2006 to 2010.
Purpose: Paroxysmal tonic spasms (PTS) are brief, stereotypic, repetitive events of painful dystonic posturing that occur in association with multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). They are a hallmark of central nervous system demyelination and are putatively due to ion channel dysfunction on or adjacent to demyelinated axons
May 5, 2010 — Devic’s neuromyelitis optica (DNMO) is a demyelinating disease characterized by bilateral visual disturbance and transverse myelopathy. It was first described in 1894 by Eugene Devic [1] in a woman who suffered from a bilateral optic neuritis and acute transverse myelitis. Pathologically, lesions are restricted to the optic nerves and spinal cord, with areas of necrosis of gray and white matter, cavitations, lack of inflammatory infiltrate, vascular hyalinization, and fibrosis [2]
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO, Devic’s syndrorne.l is characterized by concurrence of optic neuritis and transverse myelitis, typically associated with a lesion in the spinal cord extending over three or more vertebral segments. It is an inflammatory, demyelinating central nervous system disorder, and although it is most commonly relapsing, it is distinct from multiple sclerosis in that it is more severe, tends to spare the brain, and is associated with a longitudinally extensive lesion on spinal cord MRI. Furthermore, NMO is associated with a highly specific serum autoantibody m,1rker, NMO-lgG, which targets the water channel aquaporin-4.