We retrospectively analyzed and compared patterns of anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) immunoreactivity of autopsied brains of 2 patients with classical multiple sclerosis (MS) and 2 patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO). Serological examination for NMO-IgG was not performed in all the cases. We confirmed that the expression of AQP4 is strongly inhibited in demyelinating lesions of NMO, accompanied by the loss of grial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression
BACKGROUND: Cases of anti-aquaporin (AQP)-4 antibody-positive familial neuromyelitis optica (NMO) in mothers and daughters are described. PARTICIPANTS: The demographic, clinical, neuroimaging, and anti-AQP-4 antibody status were investigated in four patients from two Asian families with anti-AQP-4 antibody-positive NMO
Introduction: Vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is generally considered to be safe. Riskbenefit analysis favors vaccination in MS patients, even though several reports of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), post-vaccination encephalitis, Guillain- Barr? syndrome or MS exacerbations following vaccination appear in literature. Quadrivalent HPV vaccination (Gardasil) is a relatively new vaccine, designed to prevent infection with HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18 that has proven efficacy in the prevention of cervical, vulval and vaginal dysplasia, genital warts and cervical cancer
Devic’s Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) is an idiopathic, inflammatory, demyelinating disease specific to the spinal cord and optic nerves resulting in acute, severe myelitis and optic neuritis. Unlike “typical” Multiple Sclerosis (MS), the brain is characteristically spared and spinal cord involvement spans at least three vertebral segments. NMO is often misdiagnosed as MS; however, recent research has identified distinguishing pathophysiologic, clinical, neuroimaging, and autoantibody criteria favoring a distinct disease